Elizabeth Cady Stanton Challenging Religion through the...

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Challenging Religion through the Women’s Right Movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a powerful writer who believed on the abolition of slavery and that women’s voice should be heard. Stanton, along with other members of the woman suffrage movement recognized how the Christian Church supported men’s oppressive behavior toward women. She realized that women’s position in the Church became so deteriorated that horrifying acts against women became justified and accepted by the public. â€Å"The only points in which I differ from all ecclesiastical teaching is that I do not believe that any man ever saw or talked with God, I do not believe that God inspired the Mosaic code, or told the historians what they say he did about†¦show more content†¦Elizabeth Cady Stanton also recognized how conveniently the Christian Church has translated â€Å"God’s words† in terms that degrade women and clearly create a society where being a woman is an immediate disadvantage. Stanton cites how the language that is used in the Bible is pervasive because it names men as humanity itself and women, the ones created after man, inferior, the ones responsible for bringing sin into this world. Stanton cites in her writing how God in most cases is named as a He, instead of using both pronouns, which once again, advocates the idea that a man is compared to God’s superiority. Her thorough study of the Bible enlightened many who challenged the traditional views of the Holy book, Stanton looked at the Church one of the main institutions that opposed equality in this nation, and therefore accused it of calling the Church civilized when it supported men’s tyranny, taught women that they were inferior than men; therefore, they need to serve them, bear abusive behaviors from men without any challenge or questioning. Stanton created the Woman’s Bible because she saw the necessity to find the equilibrium in the masculine and feminine forces in the image of God as part of the woman’s rights movement. For instance, Stanton cited the extreme need for a change in the Church if women wantedShow MoreRelatedWhite Women : Shapeshifters Of America Essay1916 Words   |  8 Pagesof woman’s confinement in Cotton Mather’s â€Å"The Captivity of Hannah Dustan† to overcoming political and social exclusion in Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† and, finally, to the emersion of female sexual liberty in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, we can observe how women become different iconic symbols of America through using religion and moral persuasion as methods to fight the tyrannies that oppress them. Cotton Mather’s historical recount, â€Å"The CaptivityRead More Hester Prynne, of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, and Margaret Fuller, Themid-nineteenth-century Campaigner for the Rights of Women2901 Words   |  12 PagesHester Prynne, of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, and Margaret Fuller, Themid-nineteenth-century Campaigner for the Rights of Women Endowed in certain respects with the sensibility of Margaret Fuller, the great campaigner for the rights of women, Hester Prynne is as much a woman of mid-nineteenth-century American culture as she is of seventeenth-century Puritan New England. Is this an accurate assessment of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter? Margaret Fuller (1810-1850)

Midsouth Chamber of Commerce Free Essays

Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (MSCC), a non-profit member supported organization that lobbies state government for local businesses, needed to update its IBM AS/400 based UNITRAK system to a more advanced structure to meet the growing demands of employees and members. Dick Gramen, a former computer trainer for an insurance broker, who had no experience with the AS/400 computer or the UNITRAK software, was hired for the job. After struggling to learn the previous hardware, software, data structure and organization operations, he urged MSCC’s executive committee to purchase the IBM RS/6000 computer system (a system he was familiar with) to enhance MSCC’s computing capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Midsouth Chamber of Commerce or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite Leon Lassiter’s (vice president of marketing) admonition, the executive committee unhesitatingly granted Gramen’s request. Shortly thereafter, Gramen accepted a contract with the inapt and inexperienced vendor, Data Management Associates (DMA) to develop the software and convert the UNITRAK database into the new system. Gramen did not review the contract in great detail and sent it to MSCC president, Jack Wallingford for approval. Even worse, Wallingford, without having any outside specialist or corporate counsel to review the document, blindly signed the contract. The contract later revealed no explicit or quantifiable performance standards for the services to be provided, and that DMA only offered a certain number of free development hours for the creation of the software. Moreover, DMA had the right to increase the price of services and products provided at its discretion, while limiting its financial and performance liabilities. Not surprisingly, DMA encountered a myriad of problems from the moment of implementation. And as difficulties with the software conversion mounted, DMA quickly used up the development hours, and started billing the MSCC for the work beyond the free hours guaranteed. Consequently, the relationship between DMA and the MSCC declined. The software installation was subsequently stopped within a few months due to erroneous billing issues and the lack of progress. Additionally, the MSCC could not receive reimbursement from DMA to buy another system or hire another vendor to formulate the required software since it had already made full payment (which implied acceptance of the software system). Before long, it became apparent that Gramen did not possess the necessary expertise to maintain and support the hardware platform or solve problems regarding software implementation. In my opinion, MSCC could have avoided this predicament if upper management had initially chosen a qualified individual to manage its Information Systems. Gramen failed to carefully assess the existing data resource and rushed to install a new system. He also overlooked the organization’s operations, and disregarded meaningful feedback from Lassiter, one of MSCC’s senior business leaders. Needless to say, the agreement with DMA ought to have been reviewed by someone who specializes in computer software contracts prior to signing. When Lassiter officially took over as President, he hired Sage Niele as financial officer and vice president of operations. This was a prudent maneuver by Lassiter given that he could no longer afford to leave Gramen in-charge of MSCC’s information systems. Niele earned her MBA from Wharton School of Business, and had formerly performed systems management tasks for a large pharmaceutical company in the Midsouth area. She also managed her own information systems and financial consulting business. Niele began gathering information from the MSCC staff on the deficiencies of the computer system as well as the needs of the organization. At the same time, she sought support from the executive committee and key board members to determine the vision of the MSCC for the operational future. This bottom-up and top-down approach was effective, and it flattened her learning curve about the MSCC and its current information systems. She also identified several RS/6000 compatible software packages that were worthy of further investigation, and sent only ‘billable’ payments to DMA. I believe Niele is off to a pretty good start. By analyzing the present information system and understanding the organization’s needs, she will eventually be able to develop a well-organized strategic plan that will put an end to MSCC’s long history of poor operational decisions. In conclusion, Niele must consult other vendors for the development of the needed software seeing as the DMA software module will most likely never become operational. On the other hand, if this option is not viable and proves to be more costly in the long run, she must recommend the acquisition of a suitable up-to-date computer system, and ‘reengineer’ MSCC’s entire information system in order to improve efficiency. References: 1. Brown, C. V. , DeHayes, D. W. , Hoffer, J. A. , Martin E. W. , Perkins, W. C. (2009). Managing Information Technology (6th ed. ). (pp. 192-200). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Brown, J. (2002). Midsouth Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved from http://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:JUu8KurO1bcJ:www. obscure. org/~perky/uofr/fall2002/ISYS203U/MidSouth. pdf+midsouth+chamber+of+commercehl=engl=bhsig=AHIEtbQeM3WcQZul-rFxO4h0x5-OQb7qtQ How to cite Midsouth Chamber of Commerce, Papers

How to Study Business Law

Questions: 1. Richard has an extensive olive grove in the Hunter Valley region of NSW. He has around 12,000 trees established and has recently purchased his neighbours adjoining property with a view to expansion? 2. Terry was an employee of Cosmo Mining Services Pty Ltd CMS. CMS is a subsidiary of Cosmo Mine Ltd CM as CM owns 120 of the 200 issued shares in CMS. CMS owns and operates a lead, zinc and copper mine at Gunbarrel, Western Queensland? Answers: 1. Answer: On the basis of the facts that have been provided for this case, in the present case, a number of benefits can be achieved by Richard and his sons if they incorporated company for the purpose of expanding their business. These benefits will be available as compared to the situation where the business will be run as a sole trader or as a partnership. If they incorporated company, it will become easier for them to expand their business. The reason is that it is easier for a company to raise funds. Similarly even if the cost related with the registration of company can be higher as compared to the establishment of a sole trader business are partnership but this cost can be considered as a part of business expenditure. Similarly, if they decide to merely register the business name, it will be cheaper as compared with the registration of a corporation but in this case also, the benefits will not be available. On the other hand, if they incorporated a company for running their b usiness, they are not required to register their business name. This is due to the fact that when a company has been registered, companys full name, ending with "Pty Ltd" can be used. So far as the ongoing costs of the business are concerned, the law provides that the registration of the business name needs to be renewed and for this purpose, the government charges a fee. A corporation on the other hand is required to pay annual review fee and this fee has to be paid to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). A noteworthy advantage that can be achieved by the owners of the business in they decide to incorporate a company is limited liability of the owners of the business. The law provides that in case of a company, the directors and shareholders of the company will be liable only to the extent of the shares that are owned by them in the company (Harris, Hargovan, Adams, 2015). As compared to the situation, the sole traders and partners are considered by the law to be fully liable. Another major advantage that can be achieved by the owners of the business by incorporating the company is related with tax. The persons who have decided to run their business only under a registered business name are required to pay tax at the normal marginal rate while the companies have to pay the tax at a flat rate. This rate of tax is less as compared to the rate that is charged from the individuals. A company is allowed by the law to own property and it can also form contracts using its own name. In this w ay, the law considers that after registration, a company enjoys distinct legal identity. Due to this reason, the law treats a company as a distinct entity that is completely separate from the owners and directors of the business (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2005). In view of the significance that is associated with selecting the appropriate business structure for business, it is very important that the owners of the business select the most suitable business structure for running their business (Pentony et al., 2009). For instance, it has been decided in the present case by Richard and his sons that they should reduce recovery for the expansion of their business. For making this decision, the overall circumstances of the parties need to be considered. In this case, Richard had purchased the adjoining property of his neighbor for the expansion of his business. In the same way, David and Liam, the sons of Richard are also going to join him and help in the expansion of the business. Consequently, it appears that in the present case, the most appropriate business structure will be that of a company because it will help the parties in raising the funds required for expanding the business. Richard wants that the business should be named as Ridali whereas David and Liam want that in honor of their father, the business should be named as Rich's Guaranteed Olives. It needs to be mentioned in this context that the registration of a company is not the same as the registration of a business name. When the owners of the business are going to select the name for the company, they have to consider certain issues. For instance, the name selected by them cannot be identical with an existing name. Only the name that is not identical with the name of a present company or a business name can be used by the parties. Hence, it is advisable that a name availability search should be made by the owners of the business in order to see if the name that they're going to use for their business is available to them or not. On the other hand, under the corporations law, if the parties are going to use an identical name, the law allows them to register the name of the company in some cases. Sim ilarly, there are certain words that cannot be used as they may mislead the general public and hence these words cannot be used. For instance, if the words indicate an association with the government, the royal family or an organization of ex-servicemen, the words cannot be used. The law requires that the name of the company should also show the liability of the members and their status. For example if the members of the company have limited liability towards any unpaid amount regarding the shares held by them, it is required that the name of the company should end with the words "Proprietary Limited"or "Pty Ltd". But if the members of the corporations have unlimited liability regarding its obligations, the name should end with the word Proprietary. In case the owner of the business was to display a different name, and option is available to the owners to register the name as a business name. In view of this provision, while the company incorporated by Richard and his sons can be named as Rich's Guaranteed Olives the name Ridali can also be registered by them as the business name. As a result, in such a case, the business will be able to trade under the name Ridali and the name can be used on all the signage of the company. 2. On the basis of the facts that have been given in this question, the issue that needs to be decided is if Terry and other employees can sue Cosmo Mine Ltd (CM). These employees have been working for Cosmo Mining Services Pty Ltd (CMS) and CM was a subsidiary of this company. It was unanimously decided by the shareholders of CMS that they will create a new company and sell the business of CMS to this company and CMS will be wound up. Consequently, the question arises if Terry and other employees can take any action against the newly formed company or they can take action against the parent company CM or their employer, CMS. The general rule of the corporations law that is applicable in such cases is called the notion of separate legal identity. This rule was provided by the court the decision given in Salomon v Salomon (1896). In this case, it was the decision of the court that a corporation has distinct legal personality. In this way, this doctrine provides that under the corporations law, a corporation has a separate identity. Thus a registered company has a separate identity that is different from the owners of the business. In view of this doctrine, the law allows a company to own property using its own name. Similarly the liabilities of the company can also be enforced against the company itself. This doctrine also allowed a company to be sued in its own name. As a result of the doctrine of separate identity, another doctrine that was used by the courts was that of limited liability. In view of this doctrine, the law provides that the liabilities of a particular corporation can only be enforced aga inst such corporation only. The result is that the debts and obligations are considered as being in foreseeable only against the company and these obligations cannot be enforced against the directors and the shareholders of the company. The above-mentioned rule is the general rule and there is an exception present to this general rule. This exception is piercing the corporate veil. Under the corporations law, sometimes the law allows the courts to ignore the principle of separate identity and in such cases, the decision to pierce the corporate veil may be made by the courts. Such a decision can be made by the courts in cases where the court wants to impose any liability on the persons having control over the company. This requirement has also been mentioned in the tort law which provides that in cases related with negligence, a relationship of proximity should exist between the concerned parties (Crosling, 2009). A same case is present regarding the pacing of corporate veil. For instance in Barrow v CSR Ltd (1988), it was felt that the parent company should be held liable for the tort that has been done by the employees belonging to the subsidiary company. As a result of this negligence, an employee of the subsidiar y company suffered from asbestosis. In its decision, the court stated that it did not matter if agency law has been used to describe the case or if the proximity between the employees of paving company and the subsidy company has been used or if piercing the corporate veil has been used or the issue has been described in terms of control. The ultimate result in all such cases will be the same. Another relevant case in this context is Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989). In this case also, the issue was concerned with negligence. The court had to deal with the problem of joining the pacing of corporate veil with the notion of foresee ability. As a result of the cases that have been decided by the courts regarding this issue, the legal position is that if the subsidiary company does not have the resources for compensating the party under the law of tort, it is available to such a party that it may claim compensation from the parties who have ultimate control over the subsidiary company. As a result of the legal position stated above, in this case also, it is available to Terry and other employees to claim compensation from the parent company CM. The shareholders of CMS have unanimously arrived at the decision that they should wind up the company and the business of CMS should be sold to the new company, Lazarus Pty Ltd. In this case it is evident that the new company Lazarus has been formed only with a view to evade the liability of CMS towards the former employees and other residents of Gunbarrel. These persons have contracted cancer because they have been drinking water that was contaminated as a result of the activities of CMS. The situation is that the subsidiary company, CMS does not own the resources to pay this compensation. On the other hand, the parent company, CM has the ownership of 120/200 shares of CMS. it is also worth noting that CS has complete control on the activities of CMS. Even the mining equipment was leased by the patent company, CM and this equipment was subleased to its subsidiary. On these grounds, it can be said that in this case, Terry may be allowed by the court to take action against the patent company, CS or the new company, Lazarus for claiming the compensation. In such a case, the court will be ready to pierce the corporate veil and impose liability on the persons who have ultimate control over CMS. References Crosling G M, (2009) Murphy H M, How to Study Business Law 4th Edition, Butterworths, Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. (2015) Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis 5th edition Butterworths Pentony, Graw, Lennard Parker, (2009) Understanding Business Law 3rd ed Butterworths Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, (2005) Business Law of Australia, 11th Edition, Butterworths Case Law Barrow v CSR Ltd (1988) Unreported Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1

Women in the Cuban Revolution Essay Example

Women in the Cuban Revolution Essay Throughout the course of history, many revolutions have brought forth the greatest outcomes of a country. The Revolutionary movement of Cuba during 1959 was a pathway to independence and also a separation of gender roles fought by women. This Revolution for Independence is also a revolution in the changes of women roles. Women had legal rights that were protected by law due to the participation in the Revolution of Cuba equal codes gender, legal entitlements, and many other rights were created. The Cuban Revolution started in 1959 when a small group of guerrillas and urban insurrectionists overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. A transformation of government modernized Cuba, the redistribution of wealth, separation of church and state, and the economic and political power of selected Cuban families were changed by the socialistic Revolution fought by Fidel Castrov. Castrov’s new change in Cuba also affected women’s lives. Castrov said that, â€Å"A people whose women fight alongside men – that people is (sic) invincible. the traditional behaviors of women were challenged. Pre-Revolutionary women had minimal rights; they were bared by gender roles in the Latin American community. The Revolution affected all life-aspects of the Latin American continent; however, women were highly affected by the Revolution. President Batista created the Cuban Constitution of 1940 which prohibited the discrimination of sex. When Fidel Castrov began to challenge Batista’s administration, women from the middle and upper classes began to utilize their skills and supported Fiedel Castrov’s movements. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Cuban Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Cuban Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Cuban Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The women used their skills in writing, networking, and they were â€Å"selling war bonds and producing rebel uniforms, taking part in propaganda work, participating in action and sabotaged units in the cities, transporting arms, and fighting in the mountains. † (Randall 1981, 22). The women support for Castrov’s movements has incredibly increased nationalism for the people of Cuba. â€Å"Cuba ought to be free and independent, and the government should be turned over to the Cuban people. † (McKinley), he support of women in Fidel Castrov’s Revolutionary movement in July 26 by the Women’s Marti Civic Front and the endless support of The Revolutionary Women’s Union (UFR) constituted the victory and pathway of equality for Cuban women. Feminists organized groups such as the UFR in which they began an extensive door-to-door campaign to fundraise and recruit. Women were arguably capable of doing any task a male can do at this time. Some Women were on the war-fronts fighting; they wielded weapons and shot enemies. Women also served as nurses and suppliers to the army, the contribution of women skillset also represented the importance and expectations of women during this time. These women changed traditional gender roles; they participated in the Revolution politically and militarily. In Havana, Cuba 1959 the first-women platoon, Mariana Grajales Brigade, found themselves a victory in the revolution. The women fought alongside the men and this – provided the necessary facts that women were important, the victory of these women guaranteed a positive change in the hierarchical status of gender. Melba Hernandez, the general of the first-women platoon states, â€Å"We [the women] of Cuba are revolutionists, we will fight for the equality of women for our future generations to come. † In the year 1960, the Federation of Cuban Women was recognized by the Cuban Government, they work to ensure the protection of Women’s Rights, and they are activists and politicians that still fight for gender equality. Women and men now share the same legal entitlements, job opportunities, sickness and maternal benefits, social security benefits, etc.