Lincoln Elect.

In which countries is Lincoln Electric likely to be most successful or least successful? Why? How would this guide your own choice of where to place Lincoln Electric's production facilities abroad? The most successful was Lincoln Electric in the United States. There are some aspects this success is based on: First of all Lincoln follows a decentralized approach to management. The company has an open-door policy for all top executives, middle managers, and production workers, and regular face-to-face communication is encouraged.Workers are expected to challenge management if they believe practices or compensation rates are unfair. According to (Daft, 2010) open-book management is used in decentralized organizations to share the financial condition of a company with all employees. Open-book management encourages active participation in achieving organizational goals, helps the employee understand how his or her job affects the financial success of the organization, and allows employees to see the interdependence and importance of each business function Lincoln uses a diverse control approach.Tasks are precisely defined, and individual employees must exceed strict performance goals to achieve top pay. Production workers are paid on a piece-rate basis, plus merit pay based on performance. Employees are also eligible for annual bonuses, which fluctuate according to the company’s profits, and they participate in stock purchase plans. A worker’s bonus is based on four factors: work productivity, work quality, dependability, and cooperation with others.In order to decide where Lincoln Electric should place its production facilities, we have to take into consideration some important conditions (which my colleague already mentioned), first of all there are economic conditions, structure of market, political conditions and the competitive situation. Besides there are a lot of differences in organizational cultures, government laws, language barriers and cult ural differences.In the abstract the best choice would be a county with the most similarities to the countries where Lincoln Electric already has placed production facilities and achieved success. In this case it would be possible that Lincoln Electric transfers its experience and its traditional Lincoln management practices. But it is not so easy to find such a country. I think that the best Lincoln Electric can do is to choose a country with large and fastest growing economy.As we know, welding products played a crucial role in the development of important structures, such as bridges, oil- production facilities, and a range of other building and other construction projects. It is important that the new country, where Lincoln electric places production facilities is capable to offer a huge opportunity in the metal fabrication sector or more sophisticated welding technologies, for example automation and welding robots. Generally the new country has to have stable political condition .In the new country Lincoln Electric has to be able to manage bureaucracy problems, because that was the main stumbling block in China. Lincoln Electric made an experience that it is very difficult to run a company without talented local managers. It would be particularly advantageous, if Lincoln Electric places production facilities in the country where the company can find the local talented managers and build capabilities in supply chain logistics, IT, quality assurance, product development and purchasing and sourcing.

Motivation and Staff Performance in the Civil Service Essay

The key to motivation is the satisfaction of desires. As long as an individual has an unachieved personal goal, he has the force to motivate him, our behavior consciously or unconsciously, is generally motivate distinctive individual behaviour are to a considerable degree subconscious and therefore not easily susceptible to examination and evaluation. There has been persistent expression of dissatisfaction with the job attitudes and job performance of workers in public sector. This is due to the fact that the job is not attractive to workers. This inadequacy could be traced to the employee’s personal needs, job expectations and or innate states. Employees are usually more productive during a task simply because they want to do it, not because they feel they have to do it. Therefore, it seems evident that people or individuals will be prepared to commit themselves to their job to put in their best effort and loyalty to the job and to work towards the achievement of the organization targets if their goals are met on the job and if they are satisfied with the job. When one is positively motivated, it precipitates positive behavior hence positive erformance. According to Musselman and Hughes (1999) morale affects efficiency of operation. Morale is the result of combination of many complex attitudes, workers personal feelings and biases, their values, economic and cultural environment, degree of security physical health, emotional stability, realization of job expectations and the flow of communication between managemen t and the workers. 3 Many authorities believe that production rates are more sharply influenced by morale of the work force than by any other environmental factor. If employees feel that they are treated fairly well and good working conditions are provided, they are likely to have high morale to do their job. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem The civil service is the instrument through which meaningful development in the country is achieved. This is accomplished when the civil servant uses his acquired skills to formulate and execute government policies geared towards development. However, there is a strong evidence of deterioration about the work standard in the civil service. The behaviours of workers are characterized by such attitudes as laziness, absenteeism, lateness to work, hostility to members of the public; disloyalty and corruption. The expectations of civil servants are not met; hence, there is general laxity and inadequate performance in this sector. It is the general belief of civil servants that their counterparts in the private sector are better off with good standard of living. In view of this, they are not motivated to put in their best. This negative belief has created some problems in the attitude of workers in the civil service which has adversely affected job performance. 1. Research Question in view of the problem raised, this study is therefore designed to seek answers to the following questions in line with the aims of the study (1) What are the factors affecting job satisfaction among the Civil Servants un Oyo State? (2) To what extent are the Civil Servant of Oyo State are satisfied with their job? 4 1. 4 Objectives of the StudyTh e objectives of the research study are to (i) examine the factor that motivate the workers of Oyo State Civil Service; (ii) appraise the existing motivating packages for workers in the state ; and (iii) investigate the effects of staff motivation on job performance in he State. 1. 5 Significance of the Study The study will be of immense benefits to decision makers and human resource managers in organization when dealing with human problem such as the menace of low productivity as appropriate policy decisions that affect their personnel would be made. The importance of workers motivation and job satisfaction should not be ignored by government as they promote the corporate objectives of the organization as well as the individual. This research study would therefore serve as a guide to employers of labour as it would give them the understanding of the workers. The study is also expected to provide additional information research in this area and to government for effective efficient performance in respect of task and allocation of scarce resources for a result oriented state. 1. 6 The Scope of StudyConsidering the large population of the Oyo State Civil Service, it will be difficult and time consuming to include all the population of civil servants in the state. Therefore, the study focused on six ministries. The Miniseries are office of the Governor, ministry of Works and Transport, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Lands and Housing. The criteria for selecting these ministries are based on the fact that their programmes and activities are 5 geared towards the development of the state and the fact that they provide extensive services to the largest population of the state, hence, their impact is felt throughout the state. In addition, the population of these ministries is expected to be a representative sample of the characteristics of the whole civil service as the population of the selected ministries represents a larger proportion of whole civil service population. 1. 7 Limitation of the Study The system of records keeping at Oyo state civil service commission made it difficult to collect and retrieve data necessary for adequate analysis of data collected for the study. The time for the research study is not enough for an extensive work to be done. It was not easy to carry out a comparative study of all the Ministries in Oyo state because of fund. Definition of Terms1. 8 Definition of Terms The following terms are defined for the purpose of this studyMotivation The drive to satisfy a want or achieve an outcome. In this study, what motivates the labour to put up certain action and what comes out of it? Job Satisfaction The psychological disposition (attitudes and feelings) of workers towards his job. It refers to the contentment experienced when a want is satisfied as a result of a job factor. Morale The collective attitude of workers towards one another, towards their employer, the management, or their work. 6 Job Involvement The enthusiasm and dedication which an individual demonstrates at his job as he gets deeply absorbed in it in a bid to achieve corporate objectives. Management Management is a process by which a co-operative group directs the actions of others towards a common goal (objective). In this case, management is used to mean senior management, except otherwise state. Training The process whereby employees learn the skill, knowledge, attributes and behaviours necessary to in perform their job effectively. Behaviour The general disposition of the management which employees perceive as friendly or hostile, conductive or unconductive and which affect their job behaviour and consequently performance. 7 CHAPTER TWO AREVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK 2. 1 Introduction Many employers of labour have come to realize that people are the most important of an organization. They concerned themselves with how the workers would be brought together to work for the fulfillment of the corporate of the organization. According to A. K. Ubeku (1975) â€Å"of all the assets of a business organization, people are the most important†. Motivation of workers in an organization is very important as it leads to the development of the individual and improve his job performance. Modern managers in an organization use personnel policy to motivate workers with a view to creating a conducive working situation where workers could attain self-actualization. Motivation creates a sense of success and security in the workers when his/her work is recognized as contributing to the aims and objectives of the organization. The classical approach to motivation has been the â€Å"correct and stick† method. The correct being money and the stick taking the form of physical punishment. The assumption has been that people would work harder and produce more if substantial financial rewards are placed before them or threatened with either dismissal or physical punishment. The classical theorists felt that workers could attain job satisfaction if their productivity and pay are maximized. This was not to be as money could motivate employees to a certain point only. Managers have also come to realize the importance of job satisfaction to workers. This is due to the facts that a worker who is satisfied with his/her works would put up an enhanced job performance while the reverse be the case for the dissatisfied worker. Thus, the success or failure of 8 any organization is a function of how satisfied its employees are with their work. A well-motivated worker could put up a high job performance because of the satisfaction he derived from his work. 2. 2 The concept of motivation and job satisfaction The word motivation is derived from the Latin word â€Å"movere† meaning to move. Motivation is therefore the process of arousing movement. The movement referred to being behavioural movement. Some theorists had asserted that people behaviour is determined by a complex interaction between the unconscious drives and the environment. Motivation is a predisposition to act in a specific goal directed manner. The term motivation refers to goal directed behaviour. Goal directed behaviour is characterized by the process of selecting and directing certain actions among voluntary activities to achieve goals. Motivation can be defined as the state of an individual perspective which represents the strength of his propensity to exert towards some particular behaviour. The word Motivation is derived from motives. The definitions of motives are as follows: Motives are expression of a person’s needs, hence they are personal and internal. Motives are acquired determinants that regulates the patterns of action and that arouse ore activate behaviour. They are the learned determinant of behaviour. Finally, Eze (1984) defined motivation as â€Å"a psychological process initiated by the emergence of a need in the organism which leads to a goal-directed behaviour/action aimed at satisfying the need†. 9 Davis (1981) defined job satisfaction as â€Å"the favorableness with which employee view their work†. It is an indication of the congruence between the worker’s expectations from his job and the actual rewards offered by the job. Eze (1984) defined job satisfaction as the â€Å"sense of well-being, good feeling and positive mental state that emerge in an individual when he obtains regard, consequent upon his job performance, congruent with or very nearly congruent with his expected equitable reward. According to Kevin J. Russel, job satisfaction is â€Å"a function of the importance attached, by the workers, to the extent to which needs are generally met in the work situation relative to the way in which these workers have ordered their wants and expectations (orientation to work)†. These definitions stated above have one thing in common: a recognition of the fact that an individual’s expression of job satisfaction is an emotional effective personal response as a result of his estimation of the degree to which some facts of job reality is congruent or incongruent with values. In order therefore to understand or describe an individual’s job satisfaction, one needs to have a good understanding of that individual’s total personality and value system. Ejiogu (2009) stated that people’s perceptions of their job situation will be directly related to the values which they place on the various aspects of their job and its environment as sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. From Wikipedia (2010) job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job. The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is not the same as motivation, although it is clearly linked. Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous work position. 10 2. 3 The Relationship Between Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance As seen above, motivation is quite different from satisfaction. While motivation refers to the drive and effort to satisfy a want of goal, satisfaction rears to the contentment experienced when a want is satisfied. In other words, motivation implied a drive towards an outcome and satisfaction involved outcomes already experienced (Koontz, O’Donnell and Weihrich, 1981). Motivation, therefore, precedes satisfaction. In most work situation in Nigeria and elsewhere, the same factor affect job performance could also affect job involvement, job satisfaction, job attitude and work motivation. 2. 4 The Early Theories of Motivation and Job Satisfaction In the early years of industrial revolution and after, profit maximization triggered the industrialists to search for ways and means of motivating workers for higher productivity. They want to make profits as much as possible through increased productivity. According to this view, the way to attract employee to work is to offer them attractive pay and the way to attract employees to work is to offer their attractive pay and the way to increase productivity is to constantly raise salaries. Motivation of workers through non-monetary rewards was never thought of by these early industrialists. The early industrialist tied motivation to financial reward (increased pay) which would in turn give workers satisfaction. The early theories on motivation and job satisfaction are as follows: 1. Classical Theory/School 11 2. Human Relation School 3. Structuralists School2. 4. 1. Classical Theory/SchoolThe development of modern management started about the beginning of this century with the classical school led by Frederick W. Taylor. This classical school preached Scientific Management, which combines the study of physical capabilities of a worker with an economic approach which views man as being driven by the need to earn his livelihood. The classical school advocated that if material required was closely tied to work efforts, the worker would respond with the maximum performance he is physically capable of doing. Taylor and his followers saw the worker as a functioning appendage to the industrial machine. Following this, the teaching of the classical school had been referred to as the Machine Theory of Organisation. The school assumed that the most efficient organisation would also be the most satisfying one, because it would maximize both productivity and workers’ pay and consequently job satisfaction. However, Taylor never thought off non-monetary regards. 2. 4. 2. The Human Relations SchoolThe excesses of the Classical approach came to be modified by the teaching of the human relations School which was heralded in by Professor Elton Mayo and his associates in the Hawthorne experiments. These experiments were carried out at the Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne works in Chicago, U. S. A. between 1927 and 1932, were aimed at exploring the relationship between physical environment and productivity. The study was especially aimed at finding out the effect of illumination on productivity in the plant. The researcher discovered that when lighting was 12 illuminated step by step over a period of time, production increased correspondingly. On the other hand, when the researchers decided to decrease the illumination in the plant, production continued to rise and did so until the lighting was no longer brighter than moonlight. The major findings and conclusions of the Hawthorne Experiment are as follows(i) The level of production is set by social norms, not by physiological capacities; (ii) Non-economic rewards and sanctions significantly affect the behaviour of workers and largely limit the effect of economic incentive plans; (iii) Often, workers do not act or react as individuals but as members of groups; (iv) The importance of leadership for setting and enforcing group norms and the difference between informal and formal leadership; (v) The importance of communication, participative decision-making and democratic leadership in an organization. The Human Relations School assumed that the most satisfying organization would be the most efficient and so the organization structure and work should be related to the social needs of the employees. The rationale of the argument is that if employees are made happy, they will co-operate fully with the organization in their efforts and so increase organisational efficiency and productivity. Peter Drucker has criticised the views of the human relations school as being too employee centered. While the Classical and Human Relations Schools differ in their emphasis on either the formal or informal aspects of the organisation respectively, both had failed to see that productivity and workers satisfaction are inherently opposed philosophies. This has been left for the Structural School to sort out. That is the basic contradiction between a company’s quest for relationally and profit and the human search for happiness freedom of action. 13 The Structuralists see the company organization as a large, complex, social unit in which many social groups interact while these groups have common interests like the economic viability of the organization, they also have some other opposed interests like how the gross profits of the organization are to be distributed. The two groups within the organization whose interests frequently come into conflicts are management and workers, although by no means the only group envisaged by the Structuralists. Essentially, rivalry and conflicts between organizational groups are inevitable and, perhaps, occasionally desirable. Peoples’ behaviour is motivated by common basic needs. These needs vary in degree with gender, generation, culture, maturity and other life circumstances. If appropriately structured, a person’s job can help meet these needs, which leads to job satisfaction and job performance. A lot of research has been done in the area of motivation in relation to the area of organizational management. Researchers and authors agree that motivation is very crucial to the issue of job performance but they differ with regard to the things that motivate. Vroom (1964) sees motivation as a process governing choices made by persons or lower organisms among alternative forms of voluntary activity. This implies that motivation propel an individual to prefer one job to another. Some researchers assumed that variables such as amount of reward are motivational variables that directly influence the strength of incentive motivation. The implication of this is that extrinsic motivation has greater influence on one’s (workers) performance. This seems to be in agreement with Skinners operant conditioning principle which states that â€Å"behaviours are governed by their consequences†. This is to say that if the consequence is positive, there will exist a better 14 performance (behaviour) from the worker. In other words, an individual’s willingness to perform and the effort he will be willing to put depend on the reward he will get from the performance of such activity. There are propounded theories which are sophisticated in nature. Some laying credence to or supporting the above viewpoints and others contradicting them. Some of these theories would be discussed since this review cannot comprehensively discuss all of them. In addition, the literature review will include motivation, job performance, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, Nigeria Civil Service and Oyo State Civil Service. 2. 5 Maslow’s Theory of Motivation The need theory was originally advanced by Abraham Maslow (1938). According to him, people are motivated to satisfy a hierarchy or sequence of needs. He opined that man is a wanting being and what they want depends on what they already have. Maslow recognizes five (5) different needs that motivate individuals to work. These needs are as follows:2. 5. 1 Physiological Needs:These are considered to be basic biological functions of the human organisms and the most important of all human needs. They include the need for food, water, air, sleep, sex, rest, cloth and shelter. An individuals who lacks any of all these physiological needs is disturbed in mind. In addition, if these needs are unfulfilled, the higher needs will not be recognized. 2. 5. 2 Safety Needs:It is only when the individual meets the physiological needs that he tries to focus his attention on the next set of needs in the hierarchy, that is, the safety needs. At this level of the hierarchy, the employee is preoccupied with the safety of his life and property. He is also more concerned with stable situations and the security of his job. The needs for his 15

Community and Family Studies Essay

P1.1describes the contribution an individual’s experiences, values, attitudes and beliefs make to the development of goals P1.2proposes effective solutions to resource problems P6.1distinguishes those actions that enhance wellbeing P4.2presents information in written, oral and graphic form Rubric| In your answer you will be assessed on how well you:| * Demonstrated knowledge and understanding about values, attitudes, beliefs and resources develop goals| * Be able to propose solutions in order to meet primary and secondary needs in order to achieve wellbeing| * Communicate ideas and information using relevant examples| * Present a logical and cohesive response| Task Description You will be given the article, questions and marking guidelines on Tuesday in Week 8. You will then be able to go home read the article and prepare to answer the questions in class on Friday of Week 8. You will not be permitted to use any notes but need to bring the task to class so that you can answer the questions on the task sheet. It will be test conditions. Good luck for your first task. Answer in the space provided. Students Name _________________________________________ Marking Guidelines Criteria| Marks| Demonstrates extensive knowledge and understanding of values, attitudes and beliefs to the development and attainment of goalsDemonstrates an understanding of the link between primary and secondary needs and wellbeingProposes a range of suitable strategies to enhance wellbeingEffectively communicates ideas, issues and opinions in an organised, logical and coherent manner using appropriate terminology| 13-15|. Demonstrates thorough knowledge and understanding of values, attitudes and beliefs to the development and attainment of goalsOutlines the link between needs and enhanced wellbeingProposes a range of strategies to promote wellbeingCompetently communicates ideas, issues and opinions in an organised, logical and coherent manner using appropriate terminology| 10-12| Demonstrates sound knowledge and understanding of values, attitudes and beliefs to the development and/or attainment of goalsOutlines the link between needs and wellbeing and or proposes some strategiesCommunicates ideas, issues and opinions in a clear and logical way using appropriate terminology| 7-9|. Demonstrates basic knowledge of values and/ or resources and /or goalsOutlines needs or wellbeing or proposes limited strategiesCommunicates ideas and opinions in a basic form using some relevant terminology| 4-6| Demonstrates some knowledge of values or goals or resourcesRelies on personal experienceCommunicates limited ideas and opinions using limited terminology| 1-3|.

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Reasons for the recent global financial crisis Essay

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Plagiarism - Research Paper Example People may differ as to what constitutes the act of plagiarism but there is a general consensus on the undesirability of it in the academic world. The need to acknowledge the work of the person from whom an idea or a passage of words originated is accepted as a fair one by the academic and non-academic fraternity, most of all, to protect their own interests. Writers like Judy Anderson talk of the exclusivity that writers need as the cause for plagiarism being recognized as a crime. This need for exclusivity is intrinsically linked to the idea of intellectual property and the need that writers feel to protect their creations, which may stem from reasons that may be economic or ethical. This crime is directed against this need for exclusivity that writers feel (Anderson, ix). This is tied in with the idea that the work of art is similar to the offspring of the author and any attempt to appropriate the content created by the author is similar to an attempt to violate the maternal instinct of the author. This authorial-maternal instinct, while it destabilizes notions of masculinity and femininity and the instinct of the mother that is conventionally considered to be characteristic of only women, is something that is common to most writers, big and small. These writers are able to bring out the point from the perspective of both the writer and the reader. While the writer feels as if he or she is being deprived of his right of exclusive ownership, the reader of a modern world is likely to feel that the text that he or she reads is recreated or even created by him, in the context of the erasure of the author in the pro cess of providing a text with meaning. This theory, which was propounded by the French literary critic, Roland Barthes, places the onus of processing the meaning of a text, on the reader of the text and not the writer. This, while

Guillermo Furniture Store Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Guillermo Furniture Store Concepts - Essay Example The labor component in furniture manufacturing, in case of Guillermo, is substantial because all its products are hand-crafted and the company has no way to control its labor cost. On the contrary, it is on increase due to influx of other businesses for the favorable conditions in the region. Financial Concepts Involved Guillermo has to view the whole business scenario from a different perspective. If the company decides to be high-tech just like its competitor to replace its costly labor, then the company needs to estimate the risk-return trade-offs as making the company automated will require huge capital investment. In this process, Guillermo will need to apply numerous financial concepts to arrive at the conclusion whether it is worth investing huge capital to thwart the challenge posed by the competitor. First of all, the company needs to undertake a detailed budgeting exercise to evaluate the viability of high-tech model of manufacturing in its case. The company would need to e stimate the total fund requirement for going high-tech in this business. The company will have option of financing this capital expenditure either through equity or through mix of debt and equity. In the case of later, important thing will be to find appropriate debt-equity ratio for financing the project. Guillermo being a running and profitable company can certainly attract banks and other financial institutions to lend them for this project but leveraging should be within the prevailing norms as applicable for these kinds of businesses. High leveraging (high debt) creates higher business risk and that must be avoided as often occurs during economic slowdown. In a bid to ascertain financial viability of the investment, the company will need to estimate the break-even point in terms of volume (no. of pieces of each product variety) and value both. Break-even volumes will mean all revenue earnings meet all expenses of the company including fixed and variable ones. The break-even cal culations (Break-even analysis, 2012) will also force them to chalk its marketing and sales strategy – the distribution channels, number of retail shops and the geographical reach necessary to achieve those sales. The financial budget formation, capital required, capital structure deciding about equity-debt ratio, break-even volume analysis, cost of capital including weighted average cost of capital (Weighted Average Cost of Capital – WACC, 2012) present value of all expected future streams of revenue (Present value, 2012) until the useful life of machines, internal rate of return (Internal Rate of Return, 2012) will finally decide whether it is worth investing in the automation process so as to compete with the overseas firm effectively. Conclusion It is certain that Guillermo has gone through above mentioned detailed financial viability analysis to ascertain whether the company should go for this new business model or not. Having found the return on investment not lu crative, the company thought of outsourcing entire supply from a second competitor who has similar business model of manufacturing process

Love Brief case state v stark Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Love Brief state v stark - Case Study Example Proceeding: The proceeding can be correctly categorized into multiple counts; for the first of these Stark was found to be guilty and hence charged to a total of one twenty months or ten years. As far as the second and third counts are concerned through a bench trail Stark was found guilty and then charged for a duration of ten years with an additional consecutive forty three months. Issue: There are certain area’s of concern as far as this case is concerned. The first line of argument is that of Starks intentions; more specifically that of his actions being solely carried out with the objective of causing bodily harm. Another issue is that of the courts specified sentence, which 120 months only for the first count. A question that rises here is whether the sole reason for this specified sentence was based purely on future dangerousness of Stark’s actions. Holding: The ruling of the case was based primarily on the specific dictations by law which holds an individual responsible for his actions, which are intended to do bodily harm to another person, making him guilty of second degree assault. Stark’s careless behavior and reckless actions that transmit or expose other individuals to HIV do just that. Reasoning: Stark’s conviction was based on the availability of evidence that can easily be concerned as sufficient to establish intent. Testimonies from the victims, Stark’s neighborhood friends as well as his doctor and nurse all pointed towards his consciously aware reckless behavior and intent to do harm. Stark clearly stated in one of reported conversation â€Å"I don’t care. If I’m going to die, everybody’s going to die† leaving no room for doubt of his intentions and hence making an appropriate court sentence inevitable. Prior to this case, other cases such as, Commonwealth v. Brown and State v. Haines can be analyzed to find that similar sentences were given for comparable crimes by

Determine how our society decides gender and what elements you believe Research Paper

Determine how our society decides gender and what elements you believe are the most influential in this construction - Research Paper Example er couple from Jayme Poisson’s article â€Å"Parents Keep Child’s Gender Secret† consider a social gender as a stereotypic and tyrannical issue, scholars of social science, particularly Thomas D. Steensma in â€Å"Gender Identity Development in Adolescence† and Curt Hoffman and Nancy Hurst in â€Å"Gender Stereotypes: Perception and Rationalization?† are looking for a scientific explanation of a social gender prejudice. Gender firstly should be given a correct definition, and Steensma describes gender in â€Å"Gender Identity Development in Adolescence† as a very complex issue. It’s different from sex, because sex is an inborn biological characteristic which usually matches with genitals differentiation, while gender can be revealed during life (Steensma 289). Gender constitutes of biological inborn characteristic and gender identity, which is a personal revelation of gender, and of a gender role, which is determined by social expectations on males and females (different behavior, social roles and different personal characteristics are expected) (Steensma 291). Thus, gender depends on biological (hormones, chromosomes and genitals) and psycho-sociological (nurturing) factors. It doesn’t seem possible to reveal gender without social interference in a process. Society affects a gender identity by imposing different natures of male and female nurturing: parents and a social environment both tend to raise male and female children with a view of their future social roles (Hoffman & Hurst 197). A nurturing starts early, already from a new born period, and society behaves differently towards babies of different sex, starting from a lexicon used when talking about a baby to different toys and activities imposing. It seems important for society to define gender from the very first days of life. Witterink and Stocker who raise a transgender child admits, â€Å"When baby comes out even the people who love you and are close to you firstly ask if it’s a boy or a girl†

Technology in the Learning Essay Example for Free

Technology in the Learning Essay The teacher knows how to use the materials. The students can relate and understand the lesson because the application or software of that particular topic is found in material. If the teacher did not know how to use material it can cause weakness. The volumes of computers are not sufficient. It helps to the teacher to introduce the lesson for better understanding. The lesson is easily absorbed because they perform activities to apply the lesson. It’s contains information to help them to understand well and instruction and procedure guide them for their activity. Note for reviewing if they will forget. Your Analysis What do you think prompted the teacher to choose the materials/learning resources that she/he used? Computers and hand outs are most appropriate materials for the lesson about MS Visio. Ms Visio is tool in designing charts and creating professional diagrams. Computer is use for their hands-on and to be seen the features of the MS Visio 2010 and for their practical evaluation to known if they understand the lesson. Hand-out is use for information about the topic and guide in doing their activity. Therefore, the instructional materials serve as a clear representation that was capable of giving clear information, through this the student will able understand the lesson and easy to absorb. What difficulties, if any, did the teacher experience? How can this be managed? There was no difficulty that the teacher experience because the students are participates in discussion and activity. They student was listened and performed the activity while the teachers makes sure that the student do the  tasks. Over-all, were the learning resources/materials used effectively? Why? Why not? Yes, the computers and hand outs are effective because teacher keep getting the attention of the students in listening in the discussion and performing the activities until the class end. They got positive result in quiz and practical evaluation so I conclude that the learning materials are appropriate. Your Reflection Put yourself in the place of the teacher. What would you do similarly and what would you do differently if you will teach the same lesson to the same group of students? Why? If I will teach the same lesson to the same group of students I also use computer and hand outs but I will also use PowerPoint presentation in introducing the functions and features of MS Visio 2010 to motivate the students to listen and to view the difference kinds of charts and diagram to understand the topic well. I will give them a more problem situation in creating chart and diagrams to enhance their knowledge in creating charts and diagrams in given scenario and to appreciate the importance of lesson. FS 3 Technology in the Learning Environment FIELD STUDY Give at least three benefits of doing a survey of available materials before making your own materials? Explain each 1. Less difficulty in introducing the lesson-Teaching aid materials are help to motivate students to listen and easily in the part of the teacher to discuss the topic and help the student to understand the lesson well. 2. Doing a survey of materials help me to discover materials that relevant to my topic. Give me a several option and choose materials that more effective and appropriate so that I will achieve the objectives my lesson. Also give me ideas to create new materials. 3. Surveying of available materials are can save time, effort and money. You will not spend time, effort and money because material is already available. You can choose topic that will use the available materials especially in cooking .When you think a menu to cook you should also consider the equipment or tools to use so that can save money to buying those equipments or you will focus on available materials. Your Reflections 1. Which of the materials did you like making the most? Why? Making power point presentation is the most I like because it develops my creativity in designing and animating my slide presentation because of putting pictures, videos, animated pictures and effects in slide and student also like it. It easier to get their attention and they also learned by pictures and videos. 2. What difficulties, if any, did you encounter in making the materials? How did you overcome them? I encounter difficulties in making hand outs and activity sheets. Hand outs should clear and informative so that the lesson will understand by student. And you should make sure that your activity sheet is challenging and have thrilled so that you will evaluate well your student if they absorb the lesson. I base my hand outs and activity sheet to my objectives through this it easier to me to create. 3. What tips can you give teachers regarding preparation of teaching materials In preparation of teaching materials you should consider the availability of materials to avoid creating and purchasing materials. The suitability of materials to the subject matter it also very important. You also consider the skill and knowledge of teacher in using the materials and also the student. FS 3 Technology in the Learning Environment FIELD STUDY PAPER WORKS! (Preparing Hand-outs) HAND-OUT PLAN Subject Matter: Technology and Livelihood Education (Baking and other Kitchen tools and Equipment ) Grade/Year Level: Fourth Year High School Outline: A. Definition of Matter B. Classification of Ovens and other Baking Tools and Equipment 1. Ovens Proportionately 2. Other Baking Equipment 3. Baking Tools and Utensils C. Baking Tools and Equipment and their Uses 1. Spatula 2. Flour Sifter 3. Wooden Spoon 4. Scraper 5. Measuring Cups 6. Measuring Spoons 7. Weighing Scale 8. Electric Mixer 9. Rotary Egg Beater 10. Grater and Shredder 11. Rolling Pin 12. Baking Pans Types of Graphic Organizer/flow chart/schema to use: References: 1. Your Analysis 1. What are the good features of a handout? A good handout must concise information and easy to follow. It’s brief but make sure that it contain important detail of your lesson. Choose simple and readable type of fonts that readers can read because difficult to read is will lose their interest immediately. Bullets, schema, diagram and flow art help your hand out to be organized to avoid confusion. Highlight and bold the important detail so that readers recognized the important information. 2. Which of these features are present in the handout I made? I summarize the topic and I write only important detail so that readers understand the point of my lesson. I use bullets and schema to gives guide to the readers. I use simple fonts in order that they understand the information well. I put also references for clarification or if they need more details. 3. Which features are not present in the handout I made? I present all feature I know even though I didn’t know how to do good handouts but I surely my handout is clear and understandable by the readers. Your Reflection 1. What difficulties, if any, did you encounter in making the handouts? How did you overcome them? The difficulty that I encountered while making my simple handouts is to make it shorten but explainable. I put only the important information should to remember and later I discuss some details for more understanding. I also find difficult in providing schema to my example so I did was explore in the internet and select the best example to my topic. 2. What tips can you give teacher regarding preparation of handouts? Teacher must be resourceful so that the handouts will be informative tools in students learning. Informative because students depend in handouts especially It tackled an ago. They also didn’t remember your explanation so handouts make them recall your lesson. More information is making your reader uninterested to your topic so make it short. FS 3 Technology in the Learning Environment FIELD STUDY Your Analysis 1. What are the features of a good slide presentation? A good slide presentation contains pictures and videos to help you to discuss the topic and to have more understanding in part of student. Pictures and videos let students know what I am talking about. It helps also to get the attention of the students. The slide should follow the 7x 7 rules. Seven words every sentence and seven sentences in every slide. You must remember that your text should Arial font’s style and 24 font’s size. The background color and foreground color are contrast. 2. Which of these features are present in the slide presentation you made? The features I mentioned about are presented in my slide and I follow the 7 x7 rules of power point so that it will make it easier for the audience to read. 3. Which features are not present in the slide presentation you made? I did not put sound effects and music because it will cause distraction to my discussion. I did not use video presentation because it consumes more time but it will depend to your topic if it will be useful to your discussion. Your Reflection 1. What difficulties, if any, did you encounter in making the slide presentation? How did you overcome them? Power point presentation is very interesting to do because it easy to create it. Background and effects are already available. You can put pictures, effects, music and videos that will found in the internet. So far, there were no difficulties that I have encountered. FS 3 Technology in the Learning Brief Description of the material in the Website This site present difference tools and equipment in baking and other tools in kitchen and their uses. Evaluation of Website Strength It is very informative. This site gave a lot of information in my topic. Weaknesses The weakness of this site is you need to become a member to their organization to can access their essays or term papers. Your Reflection This episode tells us the importance roles of internet were you can find a lots of information about in your topic. And also informs us to be aware to the reference of information because website leads to the false information.

Effect of Enlightenment on Punishment

Effect of Enlightenment on Punishment Punishment is a concept which is open to many definitions in a sense that, when looking at crime and punishment, the definition depends purely on the place, culture and beliefs that an individual associates themselves with. When we look at crime and punishment in particular, the meaning behind punishment differs due to it being a concept that can be defined in many different ways, for instance, a â€Å"the legal process whereby violators of criminal law are condemned and sanctioned in accordance with specified legal categories and procedures† (Garland, 1990, p. 17) or in a more general sense â€Å"the act of inflicting a consequence or penalty on someone as a result of their wrong doing, or the consequence or penalty itself† (Your Dictionary, 2015). Throughout history we have seen a drastic change in not only the way that a criminal receives punishment, but also the environment in which the individual is placed, shifting from the general public humiliation and intense p hysical punishment to punishment of one’s personal ability to think and reason in a private sphere. Furthermore, this paper is going to look further at the movement of intense punishment of the body in the public eye to seeing how punishment has lessened over time by punishing the mind in a private environment, also critically analysing what it is that we consider to be ‘punishment’ today. Throughout the early eighteenth century, offenders were prone to incapacitation devices and corporal punishment such as stocks, the pillory, flogging, stretching, etc. which were located in a public space in an attempt to humiliate or deride the offender hoping to prevent future offending or re-offending (Miethe Lu, 2005). In saying that, these systems did not only apply to those criminals who went against societal norms but they also applied to individuals or groups of people who did not follow the law properly in terms of religion. Classen (2012), mentioned that throughout the Middle Ages, it was known as the period that was filled with law-breaking criminals, violence, blood feuds, anarchy, vengeance and also exposing the people to groups of criminals such as gangs and murderers. In saying that, due to the shortage of surveillance and technology in this period of time, this meant that innocent people were more likely to be punished if there were no eye witnesses present at the ti me of the â€Å"crime†. Knowing that there was a lack of surveillance and technology meant that an innocent individual were more likely to be punished for a crime that they did not commit. Furthermore, when looking at the huge impact that violence had on this time period and combining it with the understanding that the law was not systematized, this could have welcomed not only the opportunity to use public corporal punishment in assorted ways but also punish an individual tyrannically no matter how severe the crime is (White, Haines, Asquith, 2012). As we begun to approach the eighteenth century, we not only saw the rise into the Enlightenment era, but we also begun see some movement in terms of punishment where it focussed on independence, reason and logic over tradition. Not to mention, that this was the time period in which we saw the arrival of Classical Criminology, which then gave the view that criminals were considered to be rational thinkers who committed an offence of their own accord. However, the main key here is that this idea saw punishment as being prompt and corresponding to the offence that was committed. Classical theorists created a starting point in terms of authority systems which contradicts tyrannical punishment by offering other ways in which they can punish an offender through non-violent means. One major example of this would be from that of Michel Foucault, who further developed Jeremy Bentham’s concept of the Panoptican. The make of the panoptican is seen as a circular structure which contains a surveillance tower which contains prison cells around it. In saying that, the main reason behind this panoptican was to try and prevent the occurrence of bad behaviour by presenting prisoners with the delusion that they are put under surveillance watch 24/7. Even though the inmate knows that they are constantly being watched, they still do not know when it is exactly that the guards are watching them. This ends up leading to why this model was created, to increase good behaviour (Foucault, 1977). In addition, it is evident that a plan set up to shift public corporal punishment to the mind and the private sphere through using Bentham’s notion of the panoptican model as one of the many alternatives, although, this then meant that inmates freedom was taken from them by punishing offenders through the introduction to prison. That being said, the delusion that inmates are being watched constantly could possibly considered to be a move toward the punishment of the mind in a way th at the prisoner knows that they are on watch 24/7, perhaps resulting in mental health issues, an example of this is paranoia. Furthermore, notions that were put forward throughout the Enlightenment era have been developed and are the reason as to why there is a huge emphasis on alternative punishment instead of corporal today’s society. Throughout the Enlightenment era, the work that was proposed by many theorists has had a huge impact on punishment that is seen in more modern societies. When looking back to the traditional way in terms of punishment and how much of an emphasis there was on the punishment of the body in the public eye and comparing it to the alternative ideas of punishment that had appeared throughout the Enlightenment period, this has introduced brand new and more effective notions which transform from punishments of the body to the punishment of the mind. In addition, this is evident in today’s societies with the increase in the number of offenders who are being sentenced to prison, illustrating the shift where instead of forcing pain on the body, it is instead inflicted on the mind through not only restricting an inmate’s rights and independence but also restricting them from coming into contact with the public. This idea is visible in combination with other forms of punishment that are exercised inside and outside of the prison. One of the many alternative ideas that are exercised in the prison is that of solitary confinement which is also known as an individual who is prohibited from coming in to contact with anyone outside apart from prison staff where one may be prone to conditions where they are sent to windowless or close-confined rooms. In addition, exercising this practice by depriving an inmate of contact with the outside world can potentially create mental health issues for this individual such as emotional damage, a breakdown in terms of language development and in a more severe case, it could possibly make an inmate hallucinate or become deluded. Solitary confinement is one of many practices which show that the change from the public corporal punishment to the mind in the private sphere is evident in contemporary societies. One can argue that the movement from public corporal punishment to an individual’s mental thinking in a private space has not changed and this can be seen in many modern societies where there are many faults in the system of punishment. Though the system is encouraged to punish an offender in a non-violent way, there are a lot of defects present in today’s society that negate the idea of punishment of one’s mind in a private location. This can be seen in the way in which the environment that an offender is sentenced to. In addition, whilst an offender is sent to prison, it may not be seen as â€Å"non-violent†, however, the conditions inside that environment may be the exact opposite. An example of this can be seen in movies like Shawshank Redemption, when the offender (Andy Dufresne) became exposed to violence and many other horrific acts, not to mention that he also became a target for other prisoners which, he then had no choice but to defend himself in order to survive. This goes to show that the environment in which an individual is exposed to in the prison, can force those who are non-violent to turn to violence in an attempt to defend oneself from the chance of being attacked. Therefore transforming a non-violent offender into a violent one (Gilligan, 2001). Moreover, in terms of what has been said, the real question that we must ask ourselves is what is actually counted as punishment? Is it the sentence that has been given or is it also the conditions that one receives inside the prison? Another defect that is seen in terms of the shift from punishment of the body to the mind is shown where, although capital punishment is known as pain forced on to the body through violent means, there is another way in which punishment may not be necessarily considered to be corporal but it is, it is just that the way in which they are dealt with are done through non-violent means. One example can be seen where an offender is designated a hard labour job (as seen in the 1800’s and still present today) for example, the treadwheel, building roads and stone breaking where although it may not be seen as physical pain inflicted to the body, as time goes on, it will show as the inmate gets older and their body slowly starts to break down (Scarre, 2003). A second example is seen where prisoners are also deprived of the necessities in life such as a clean environments and good nutrition. Although, this may not be seen as direct pain to the body, it does affect the individual in a way that eating choices and food preferences and food intake are limited whilst in prison. Not only does this limit the prisoner of the health and nutrition that is required to help them make it through the day but also it could expose the prisoner to problems in terms of the kitchen staff such as the concern of cooking standards, hygiene and illnesses. As mentioned by Smith (2002), majority of women that she had interviewed in prison were concerned about the effects that the food would have on them such as weight loss and gain, diarrhoea, vomiting and constipation. Again, this may not be considered as corporal punishment, but it still punishes the body in terms of health. Furthermore, we again have to question whether the sentence is the punishment or is it also the conditions that come with it. It can also be argued that there has not been a complete shift in terms of the punishment in the eye of the public to the private sphere. When looking at the history of punishment and comparing it to contemporary society, punishment is nowhere near is public as it used to be. However, punishment is still visible to the public. An example of this is seen in community service workers where they â€Å"serve their sentence in the community rather than in the prison† (Department of Corrections, 2015). This means that an individual is exposed to the community, knowing that the public know that they are on probation and they are not doing it voluntarily. This is seen in New Zealand where community service workers are put in front of public places. It is easy to distinguish community service workers from your average worker as they usually work in groups doing hard labour jobs but the main thing that gives it away is the clothing, usually you will notice that there is a strip on the b ack of their clothing mentioning â€Å"community service†. Another flaw that contradicts the idea that punishment has moved from bodily punishments in front of the public eye to the private sphere is seen within the court system. What is meant by that is, the courts are the main place in which sentences are usually given to criminals and also a location where the community are welcome to observe the sentence that is being given to a criminal. Moreover, this is the case in New Zealand where the public are able to, in a sense, contribute insofar by observing the punishment that is handed to an offender, bearing in mind that there are some cases in which the public are unable to view (Courts of New Zealand, 2015). In saying that, this just goes to show that in terms of punishment, although it may not physical, public humiliation is still present in modern societies but to an extent when comparing it to the eighteenth century. Social media and the media in general allows for punishment to become visible by allowing the public to gain access to it by using several mediums such as the radio, the internet through live streaming or looking at online news articles, television programmes, such as the crime investigation channel or by simply watching the news. Not only does this illustrate that punishment is accessible to members of the public but it also allows them to become more knowledgeable by being exposed to crime and punishment through what is used by individuals daily. Although the public may not observe the punishment that is given to an offender, they are given the opportunity to get up to date through news reports, articles or even if they are lucky, through a photo which is then taken of the individual receiving the sentence. In addition, we must keep in mind that reporters look in particular for crimes that are more gruesome or crimes that they know would be of public interest so they are more like ly to exaggerate the crimes to get more of a following from the public (Bradley Walters, 2011). Furthermore, these examples show that punishment in the public eye is still present in today’s society but not as bad as it was in the past. However, when looking at this example in particular, it shows the power that reporters have over people not only in terms of making punishment and crime visible to the public but also the way in which they can distort the crimes knowing that they will keep the public interested. In conclusion, this essay has shown how the enlightenment era has had a major impact on the practices that are seen in terms of punishment today. In addition, it has also looked at how punishment has altered over time and periods where the intensity of punishment has lessened by shifting from the traditional corporal punishment and public humiliation to a more modern shift of punishment of the mind and in the private sphere looking more at taking away an offenders rights and freedom. However, even though the shift of bodily punishments in front of a general public setting to the punishment of an individual’s mind in more of a private location is present in modern societies, it is still seen in some cases that this may not be true as mentioned in the examples given above. The question that still stands in my essay is in today’s society, has there really been a shift from public capital punishment to private punishment of the mind. Bibliography Bradley, T., Walters, R. (2011). Introduction to criminological thought. Auckland: Pearson. Classen, A. (2012). Crime and Violence in the Middle Ages: The Cases of Heinrich der Glicheares Reinhard Fuchs and Wernher der Gartaneres Helmbricht. In A. Classen, C. Scarborough (Eds.), Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age (pp. 131-158). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. Courts of New Zealand. (2015, April 03). The Role of the Courts. Retrieved from Courts of New Zealand: https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/about/system/role/overview Department of Corrections. (2015, April 02). In the Community. Retrieved from Department of Corrections: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/working_with_offenders/community_sentences.html Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.) London: Penguin. Garland, D. (1990). Punishment and Modern Society. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Gilligan, J. (2001). Preventing Violence. London: James Hudson, Ltd. Miethe, T., Lu, H. (2005). Punishment: A comparative Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scarre, G. (2003). Corporal Punishment. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 6(3), 295-316. Smith, C. (2002). Punishment and Pleasure: Women, Food and the Imprisoned 1. The Sociological Review, 50(2), 197-214. White, R., Haines, F., Asquith, N. (2012). Classical Theory. In R. White, F. Haines, N. Asquith , Crime Criminology (pp. 23-41). Sydney: Oxford University Press. Your Dictionary. (2015, April 02). Punishment. Retrieved from Your Dictionary: http://www.yourdictionary.com/punishment

Essay --

In this essay I will be talking about the 4 factors of production and the production possibility frontier and why some economies operate within the production possibility frontier and factors that cause the Production Possibility Frontier to shift outwards making the economy more efficient. The four factors of production are land, labour, capital and enterprise. Land is the natural resources available for production. Some nations are lucky enough to have the resources within their country and don’t have to import resources, for example oil or copper. Land: Nothing is free, except the air we breathe. The rest are scarce, because there are not enough natural resources in the world to satisfy the demands of consumers and producers. That is the economic problem, people’s wants are never-ending but the resources are insufficient to fulfil their demands. Air is classified as a free good since consumption by one person does not reduce the air available for others - a free good does not have an opportunity cost. Labour: The human input into the production process. â€Å"In the UK, of about 59 million inhabitants only approximately 35 million are of working age (16-64 years for men and 16-59 for women), and of those about 28 million have paid jobs.†- (Tutor2u, N.D) Owners of businesses prefer their workers to be motivated, meaning that they have the desire to work effectively and in reward wither benefit from extra pay or fringe benefits. The more produced by the labour force, the higher the Gross Domestic Product. Capital: â€Å"Capital has several meanings - including the finance raised to operate a business. But normally the term capital means investment in goods that can produce other goods in the future.† – (Tutor2u, N.D) Capital refers t... ...ficient. In conclusion, as a country works towards shifting the production possibility frontier outwards, the economy benefits by the fact that more jobs are being created as more products are being supplied. With the improvement of technology countries can exploit their resources more efficiently which causes more production, with more production come more sales and with more sales or exports there might eventually be an increase in economic growth. However, with more production come more external costs like pollution. Identifying and estimating a monetary value for air pollution can be very difficult to do but is important for economists concerned with the impact of economic activity on our environment. Besides the externalities, shifting the production possibility frontier outwards will create more jobs in the economy and that is a very good thing indeed.

Art Therapy: A Necessary Tool for Success Essay -- Art

Art is the self-expression of someone or something that shows the hidden or underlying emotions upon which are found within the unconscious mind (Merriam-Webster). Art can tell stories of past events which were significant to that culture or person. This could include things such as hunts or sacrifices to please the gods. As society and people started to evolve and become more and more like modern day society, so did art and how society viewed it. At the beginning of the renaissance in Europe, many new artists and ways of thinking began emerging which soon became the mainstream way of thinking. Artists from this time period transformed art from what it was to how we view it today. From being a tool to tell stories with, art slowly started to shift to a more abstract way of thinking. As people and their minds started to change, how we view art and the uses of how art became limitless. When someone talks about art, there are many different aspects that they could be talking about. Art could be a simple painting but it could also be an elegant sculpture or sketch. When thinking about art and the uses that art can have the possibilities are endless. Art could be used as self-expression of suppressed feelings that are unknown to the conscious. Art is looked at as a good way to relieve stress and express emotions. It was not until art was seen as something more than decoration that it became a form of therapy that could be used in our everyday lives. Art therapy is a very useful and effective therapy tool while treating kids and young adults with ongoing issues involving both emotional and or psychical damage. Art therapy is a form of expressive therapy that uses art materials such as paints chalk and markers to reveal hidden or ... ...tion, n.d. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. . Mueller, Karen, and Margie Whittaker Leidig. â€Å"Women’s Anger and Feminist Therapy.† Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 1 (Winter 1976): 23-30. JSTOR. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. . Wadeson, Harriet. Art Therapy and Art Education. Vol. 33, No. 4 ed. JSTOR . N.p., Apr. 1980. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Wexler, Alice. â€Å"Painting Their Way out: Profiles of Adolescent Art Practice at the Harlem Hospital Horizon Art Studio.† Studies of Art Education 43 .4 (2002): 339-353. JSTOR. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. .

Imaginative :: essays papers

Imaginative It is strange how things can change in short a period of time. It was only two years ago that Philip Morris was a dwindling tobacco company millions of dollars in debt. The stock market was facing a rapid decline in value. Stocks plummeted sharply in all areas. Like every other business in the country, Phillip Morris was at its lowest phase. Massive layoffs as well as severe cutbacks haunted the executives. After the stock value of Phillip Morris shares plummeted, the company’s chief stockholders were selling their stakes at pennies on the dollar. I took this desperate time to finally realize a dream I have had for years. I had amassed a large wealth from previous investments and projects. Reverting a public company with millions of shareholders into a private enterprise would be the most difficult task I would ever accomplish. I was able to deal with the major stockholders to purchase a vast majority of the company, about 75%. After several company shareholder meetings, I determined to revert the company to a private business, and I worked out a buyout for all remaining stockholders. Of course this also was made cheap due to the failing economy. Phillip Morris made cigarettes, Miller beer, Kraft products, and leveraged and directed finance leases. I planned on playing with the public’s emotions on â€Å"Big Tobacco Companies† in helping me with my plan. As soon as the previously great Phillip Morris was sold to me, we ceased production of the once lucrative cigarette portion of our portfolio. This became a great media exposure. We sold the concept of becoming a healthy family business concerned with the welfare of the public. This company now owes a great deal to the slithering lobbyists who helped make what Phillip Morris once was. If it weren’t for the lobbyists, I would still be obligated to comply with the court judgments for the idiots who became ill due to smoking related diseases. Those people did not even deserve the money they were rewarded. How could someone not know that cigarettes caused cancer, emphysema, or impotence, among other illnesses? I was glad the lobbyist were able to stop anyone searching for damages due to smoking, and all it cost me was dissolving the cigarette section of the company. I now know that if I pay a lobbyist enough, they can get a Senator to do anything I want.

Play It as It Lays

The Victim And The Oppressors Play it as it lays, a novel written by Joan Didion is a great example of how life can overwhelm someone’s emotions. It is a story about an amateur actress whose life has had emotional changing experiences since she was young. Play it as it lays takes us on a journey with this young woman and her incapacitated life. The main character, Maria, finds herself aimlessly engaging in activities reluctantly due to the lack of control she has over her life. Maria’s family is one aspect of life she is detached from. Maria is separated from her husband Carter Lang. Together; they have one child named Kate. The fact that Maria and Carter are separated seems to evoke feelings of helplessness for Maria. She is left alone and resorts to memories for comfort. Feelings of vulnerability and constraint seem to be a reoccurring theme in her life. Maria has no control over Kate. Due to medical conditions from birth, Kate must be under constant medical supervision. Living under medical supervision is what is normal for Kate. As a result, Maria is left feeling dismal because there is nothing she can physically do to help her daughter. Maria has a sense of being in control when she drives the freeways. Maria drives the freeways everyday in the summer, with no intention of arriving anywhere. She can speed up or slow down as she likes and travel any direction she wants. Unless she is driving on the freeway by ten, Maria’s rhythm of the day will be thrown off. One day when she drives past her usual turning point, Maria drives too far and she is thrown of her normal schedule. On the way back from her drive, Maria encounters darkness and traffic. This is uncomfortable for Maria because she cannot drive as she wants and in turn loses her freedom. After that day she stops driving the freeway unless she needs it to get somewhere. The people involved in Maria’s social life control and deceit her. Maria is easily coerced in to situations. A major example is when a producer named BZ tells Maria he will take her to a party. Although Maria shows signs of hesitance, BZ uses ridicule to make her feel uncomfortable and reply with only, â€Å"I’ll see you at seven-thirty. † (Didion 16) In this situation, Maria is mocked directly and she does nothing to defend herself. Another leading example of oppression is when Carter tells Maria to get an abortion if she wants to keep Kate. Maria subjects her body to dangerous surgery performed by someone she does not know personally because of an ultimatum with Carter. Throughout this whole process Maria is the least in control of her own body. After being insulted, traumatized, and kept distant from her daughter we find Maria is the victim of oppressors in her life. Do you believe she is responsible for what happens to her? Maria’s passive attitude about life effectively leaves her not living energized. So she idly moves though tasks and commands from her family and friends. Work Cited Didion, Joan. Play It As It Lays. New York: Farrar, Staus, Giroux, 2005. Print

Storm Born Chapter Nineteen

Dorian wasnt almostly as affect as he should hurl been by the storm.You couldnt control it, he told me. It did you no good. Until you cut by the sm solely issues, youll never control the stupendous geniuss. Theyll control you.He didnt requirem r separately(prenominal) he simply commemorateed that infinite diligence and good-natured attitude he eer had. Still enchanted by va allow de chambre glut, he penuryed us to pass on him into the city and visualize him entertaining things speci e truly last(predicate)y the aforementi matchlessd women with low inhibitions. Considering the car agitate would w are literally killed him, we ordered pizza instead.You could declaim it was behavior of a let quite a small(a) for him, al ace he until flat enjoyed it. He prove delight in e trulything, I agnize. strong except for those extreme moments of boredom that seemed to abuse him, although compensite in those he all the comparable(p) managed to find some(preno minal)(prenominal) sort of joke. I didnt cut m all people bid that.I byword him once to a greater extent that week, this while at his place. He do me repeat the boring water examine five propagation, b arely it only yielded the film same results. At least this date I didnt conjure any storms. When I asked if we could do aroundthing else near time, he laughed and displace me home.The day in the beginning Dorians ball, I mustered up the courage to do some(prenominal)(prenominal)thing Id been look ating close to for a long time straightaway visit Wil Delaney.He lock left(p) messages with Lara almost every other day, exactly that wasnt what in the end made me go see him again. Ever since my moms visit, I hadnt been able to judder the report of her locked a management, miserable and al wholeness, in assault Kings castle. The inconvenience of that reach transferred to my impressions of Jasmine, and no depend how reluctant the girl had been to leave, I knew she was simmer d give a victim. I cherished to do something anything to help her further had no musical theme where to start or even how to do it, considering last times disaster. Talking to Wil again seemed desire a semireasonable beginning.Kiyo went with me, driving us in his rental car since his poor spider was kayoed of commission. This car was a spic-and-span Toyota Camry that seemed pretty nice to me, though it on the show of it caused him considerable distress.When we knocked on the door, Wil didnt answer ripe(p) a government agency.You veritable hes here? Kiyo asked.Yeah. I dont take he ever leaves. Were in all give carelihood macrocosm thermal-scanned or something.Kiyo gave me a puzzled look. and wait, I warned.A minute later, I heard the legion of locks and bolts creation und star and only(a), and Wils face appeared.Oh, my God, he gasped, face lighting up. Youre choke. Wait. Whos that?A friend. no let us in.Wil gave Kiyo a hesitant look and finally rec eptive the door wider. As we walked in, I could separate from Kiyos looking that he was having exactly the same reaction Id had to the weirdness of Wils lair. In ill-tempered he paused in front of a magazine lying open on a coffee slacken. An articles large newspaper organiseline read THEYRE USING YOUR DNA TO principal YOU WEAR A HAIRNET WHEN LEAVING THE folkI knew youd come around, Wil burbled out, leading us into the kitchen. When are we going away stomach?I dont fill in that we are, Wil. whence why I held up a hand to quieten him. I bonny essential to utter overcompensate-hand(a) now, thats all.His face drop cut, except he nodded and walked to the refrigerator. You want something to drink?Sure. What do you befuddle?He opened the refrigerator. Inside were rough ten jugs of water whose labels guaranteed ultra-ultra-ultra purification and gloss against impurities.Water, he verbalise. Most soft drinks are laden with Waters fine.He poured three provide and sa t d possess with us, watching me expectantly.I want to make out to a greater extent(prenominal) than closely Jasmine, I rationaliseed. If were ever able to go back Again, that pale face loomed in my take heed. I swallowed. It cleverness non do us any good if she doesnt want to go. Is there anything rough(predicate) heranything you can tell us that might sort of explain that?The fanatical gleam left his eyeball, rep intertwine by something sober and sad. I dont know. I mean, I guess one-half of its universe fourteen, you know? none that she ever seemed all that impressionable. I guess she could switch been brainwashed. Theres lots of bread and scarceter on that the government does it all the time. I imagine even fairies fetch teach techniquesHe started going off on that, and I matte Kiyos hand light on my t extravagantly under the table and burst a slight squeeze. It was less(prenominal) of a conjureual thing and over frequently of a What the hell have you go tten us into?Keeping my expression blank, I finally interrupted Wils lecture. Can you give us any information rough her? standardisedwhat she was into? Likes? Dis same(p)s? If we could tho support some idea about that, it might help us understand her give.Well, he said doubtfully, I could show you her path.He took us far into the house, which was just as dark as the kitchen, and into a small room that smelled of spatter and disuse. Probably making a great sacrifice to his values, he flipped on the lights. For half a back, I was relieved that Jasmines room did not mirror the rest of Wils deranged existence. It looked the interchangeable a normal jejune girls room.At first.Then I see the fairy posters.They were interspersed with other airbrushed fantasy pictures unicorns and dreamscapes still fairies definitely made up the rife theme splashed against the rooms rose-pink walls. These images werent accurate representations of the very humanlike gentry but render mo re than than of what pop culture perceived fairies to be like small and winged, acting with f trim downs and raiseflies. Those sorts of beings did exist in the Other terra firma, though technically they were pixies.You didnt esteem this was relevant? I breathed, gazing around.This is fluff, said Wil dismissively. Stuff girls are into. Shes liked this stuff since she was little.I walked farther into the room and knelt in front of a small bookcase. J. R. R. Tolkien. C. S. Lewis. J. K. Rowling. more(prenominal) and more fantasy titles. A enshrine to escapism.Glancing around, Kiyo seemed to be supposeing along the same lines I was. Are there any photos? Any friends of hers?Wil shook his heading. She didnt have a lot of friends. He sat down on the ruffled pink grapple and nominate a small phonograph album on the floor. Here are a someer pictures.Kiyo and I sat next to him. The album was sort of a indicate of Jasmines childhood. There were some baby pictures and some shots of her as a little girl. Wil count on into a lot of the pictures, but we saw little of their parents. I recalled his bitter comments about their chronic absence. We did find a few pictures of her with other children, but as she grew older, those became more rare. Mostly these seemed to be candid shots that psyche Wil, most likely had snapped while she was brisk with something. One showed her curled up with a book, another(prenominal) found her lying in a backyard hammock while fulgent sunshine lit up her strawberry-blond hair. She had observe the photographer in that latter one and regarded the camera with a sad, sweet make a face.What did she do for fun? I asked when Wil closed the album. Hobbies? Sports?He gestured to the shelves. She liked to read, obviously. And she liked being outside. She went for walks, sometimes planted flowers. Wasnt truly into sports or anything like that.She must have hung out with some people, I driveed out. Didnt you say she was at a party when she was taken?Yeah skeleton of surprising, actually. notwithstanding she went to things like that once in awhile. not often. precisely sometimes. I mean, she did things with me sometimes too. We went to Disneyland once. Saw movies. moreover mostly she was alone.Do you know why?No. I thinkI think she just had nettle relating to kids her age. She was smart, always sort of forrad of her time.His voice was wistful, and I realized no matter how unstable he might be in some ways, he did truly love and miss his sister.Was she this privy before your parents died? asked Kiyo thinly.Yeah. She was always bod of this way. later on a bit more investigation around the room, we finally left. Wil pushed me hard on what I was going to do about Jasmine, but I had no answers to give him.Well, Kiyo said afterward a few quiet minutes on the street, that was depressing.I didnt answer right away as I stared off at the road ahead of us.Eugenie? You all right?No. Not really. I sighed. That poor girl.Starts to deposit more sense, though, doesnt it?Yeah. Isolated from the real sphere, she starts surviving in a fantasy one. Then perfectly Aeson gives her the chance to actually know in that one.He nodded his agreement. Of course, abduction and rape probably werent the ways she envisioned escaping off to fairyland.I stared off again for a while. She re reasons me of me.The peek he gave me was wry. You dissociated into a make-believe world that you hoped would become real?No. But I was kind of a lone hand too. I think I had more friends than her, admittedly, but I always had trouble relating to others. It got worse once Roland made me his apprentice. overw octad to find oneself excited about son bands when youre learning to exorcise ghosts.I dont think you missed anything there.I rewarded him with a smile as I continued thinking. yet though I didnt have legion(predicate) friends, I always wanted them, wanted to be noticed. If Jasmines the same, then she probably likes being Aesons mistress, as sickening as it is. He probably showers her with attention.Youre rightthough I wonder if theres more to it.How so?I think a lot of teens expression disconnected sometimes, like no one understands them. I mean, I entangle that way lots of times. Not sure I would have welcomed what happened to her as some sort of salvation. Me either. But I suppose everyone copes in different ways. I took up unfrequented things. Running. Swimming.Puzzles?Hey, I said. Howd you know about that?Because you have about a hundred of them in your closet.I laughed, then reconsidered something hed just said. What was it like for you, growing up? You knew from the beginning what you were, right?Yeah. My parents never made that a secret. They accredited that they were from different worlds literally and didnt difference of opinion that. increase up with that duality sort of became second nature. Like I said before, I like both(prenominal) worlds, which is why I certainly dont w ant to see some conquest of this one. Of course, I had plenty of times in my life, particularly when I was new-fashioned and moody, when Id get mad at one of my parents. Then Id swear Id be all kitsune or all human, depending on whod flush me off.Your teenage angst must have been a spartan thing, I teased.You have no idea.Are your parents still together?No. Still amicable. My mom finally dwelled in the Otherworld for good once I got older. I see her from time to time. It broke my dads pith he was crazy about her but he remarried and seems to be better off.I leaned back against the seat. Now that I know what I amI kind of wish Id known sooner. I would have liked to get a head start on my magic and go blow Aesons castle apart and get Jasmine back.You dont know that you can actually do that, he warned. Youre half-human. You may not have gotten all his male monarch.Did you get everything your mom has?He hesitated. Yes.I cant leave Jasmine there. Not penetrating what I know. But I dont know how to get her back.Kiyo reached over and squeezed my hand. Well think of something. Dont worry.It was a little comforting, but I think we both knew it was the sort of empty, kind literary argument you say to make someone ascertain better. I doubted he had any better ideas than I had on how to get Jasmine back.Kiyo didnt have to work until the next morning, so we un inhibitable to go hiking at Sabino Canyon. Physical labor seemed like a good way to forget about abducted girls, and it was. The temperature pushed into triple digits, and we were faint-hearted and sweaty as we finally made the collapse trip down, both of us jealously drinking from water bottles.I saw him watching me at one point while we s exitped to take a break. There was a content and admiring expression on his face, not purely sexual, for a change.What? I asked.Your hair. I never realized how red it is. The sun lights it up like a flame.Is that a good thing?Very good.The comfortable look on his f ace shifted, and I saw the known glint of claim surface. We didnt say lots after that. The rest of our hike and incidental ride home proceeded in silence, but the air burned betwixt us, hotter than anything wed felt outside.Tim was nowhere to be found when we arrived home. secure as well. I turned on the shower, eager to remove the sweat and grime, and Kiyo hopped in with me.Were here to get clean, I warned.Sure, he said, displace me up against the wall.Water poured down on us as we kissed and affected and attempted some semblance of lavation ourselves. I dont know how good a job we did. I think some parts got significantly soaped down more than others.I wouldnt have judgemented sex in the shower, but we had no gum elastictys in there. Sometimes I perspective the reprise birth control was overkill in eight years, Id never had problems with the oral contraceptive. But we both knew how high the stakes were. A condom was a small thing to ask.We fell onto my bed, still kind of slick and soapy. He slipped the condom on in like dickens seconds, and I locomote on top of him. Fore ferment apparently wasnt going to play a big role in our relationship. His hands grasped my hips, halting me for a moment.You took your pill today?Yes, yes, I assured him.He relaxed and released me, letting me move down and take him into me. A soft sound, half-groan and half-sigh, escaped his lips. He opened his eye and smiled at me.You arethe most right thing in my world.I smiled back, knowing exactly what he meant. We felt good and right together, like the last months tension hadnt existed. We were where we should be, picking right up after our first nighttime together.His hands clenched my sides, his nails touching my back as my body shifted up and down. A tingle of apprehension ran through with(predicate) me whenever those fingers came near my back, but he continued to show restraint. The scratches were finally healing, albeit slowly.He let me stay on top only about a mi nute or so before he flipped me onto my stomach and took me from that position, all aggression and furious passion. I trickily tried shifting us once, and he playfully returned me back. Maybe it was the fox thing, or maybe it was just his own human nature, but something in him liked being the dominant one. I decided not to exhort it, far too supple swimming in the bliss and fire of him moving inner of me.When he finished, he rolled off and snaped me to him. Happy, I inhumed my face against his body, drinking in his wreathe and get like an intoxicant. Clinging to each other, we listened to our harry breathing calm down. For the first time in awhile, I felt safe and at peace. Things were exactly as they were supposed to be.He stayed with me that night, and our bodies wrapped around each other in the darkness. My body fell into its old bad habits, and I found myself lying awake long after hed fallen dozy. I twisted and turned, numerate stars on my ceiling and attempting to force my mind into calmness.I tried too hard, apparently, because my mind slipped into trance, one off from wakeful intelligence but not really asleep either. Recognizing this, I started to shift out of it until an image appeared in my mind, a familiar one of a barren area I didnt recognize and a dark, crowned figure standing over me.The memory Id half-started in the sauna returned, flooding my minds eye. I suddenly found myself looking up at thrust King. The fear was there, the fear that I couldnt escape him and that he would take me away.Then, just as before, I reached for something both at bottom and without. Power surged through me, and the air grew thick. sorry clouds formed out of nothing, covering the sky. cushioned thunder echoed around us. I still couldnt see his face in this memory, but I could sense his amusement.Are you going to try to fight me, little one? A different power make up around us as he gathered his own magic. I like your attitude though youre flake a losing battle. For now, at least. Come with me, and Ill show you how to really use your gifts.He gently nudged his power toward me, attempting to quell mine. I sucked in more of my magic, letting it course through me. It burned, but it was wonderful. Amazing. Like nothing I had ever felt before or could have conceived of. I was more than a human in that moment, more than Eugenie Markham, more than a god. It filled me, but even then, I could not control it. Not yet. Lightning flared above us, followed immediately by thunder. act King was still pushing against me. I dont think I was really more than a match for him, but he hadnt quite expected this much of a fight. I tried to focus my power, to get ahold of it and use it against him. It was slippery, though I couldnt spare a hold. Lightning blazed again, and I reached out with my mind to seize it, willing it to strike him down. all my aim was off. It hit me instead.I screamed, pain ripping through me as I became the lightnings condu it, its means of grounding itself. It couldnt kill me, until now it couldnt even really hurt me that much. I was one with the storm, and the magic Id summoned was my own. It shot into my body, terrible and magnificent, a burning pain laced with pleasure, an ecstasy I didnt ever want to let go of.I jerked dear in bed, gasping for air. Immediately, Kiyo was beside me, asking what was pervert. I couldnt answer right away. That fiery, exultant power was emblazoned in my memory. Yet, even as I sat there, I could feel the memory fading, the remembered genius going with it. Some part of me cried out for it, willing it to stay. But it was going.Eugenie? I think it was the hundredth time hed spoken my name. Whats wrong?A dream, I murmured, closing my eyes. correct with that magic gone gone for years, really my body shivered with delight. I felt alive, my phase tingling with an awareness of both itself and the world around me. I opened my eyes and turned to Kiyo, resting my hands on his arms, curve my fingers into his skin.Whats the mmm.His speech were swallowed by my kiss. My mouth provide so ferociously at his that I tasted blood from where Id bitten his lip. In an instant, I felt his animal lust answer my own as his hands gripped my hips and tried to pull me down. But I was already pushing him down, moving myself on top of him.Dont fight me on this, I growled, digging my nails against him.He smiled. I think he prospect I was joking, little knowing the power and aggression suddenly churning through me. His hands slid over to my wrists. Gripping them tightly, he rolled me over, pressing his full weightiness down on my body. A little fightings not bad, he teased.No. My words were fierce. Unchallengeable. Still wrapped up in the dreams fleeting power, I surprised both of us and flipped him over. It was a lot like when wed had sex earlier today, only now the roles were reversed. My own strength astonished me.Dont fight me, I repeated, voice low and dangerou s.His eyes widened in the near-darkness. There was only a heartbeats pause. Anything you want. Ostensibly, he sounded excited and amused, but there was an undercurrent of nervousness there too. ardent and exultant, I moved my mouth and hips down. We both gasped as I took him wrong me. No condom, nothing between us. I shuddered at the contact, growing aroused at the thought of him directly feeling me and all my wetness. skin to skin. Maybe I should have moved slowly, letting him savor the new sensations, but my body was too impatient. I rode him as fiercely as he had me earlier, something inwardly me needing to assert my dominance and claim him as mine. My nails drew blood, and he cried out each time our hips slammed together.I felt powerful, in control. Like I could do anything and conquer anyone. The warmth and bliss of advent started make up inside of me, and some very small part of me wondered if I was acquiring off on thrusting him inside of me or simply on the shaking of domination. And if it was the latter, whom was I exerting my control over? Kiyo? Storm King?The ecstasy in my lower body grew more intense, more urgent. I pushed aside the nagging speculation and gave myself up to my own selfish wants. I stared down at Kiyo he looked back as though he scarcely accept me.Mine, I gasped, holding back my release. repair now, right in this moment, youre mine.Kiyo made a strangled noise of pleasure, head tilted back.I was on the edge I couldnt hold my body back much longer. I didnt want to hold back much longer. I was the powerful one here. I was taking what I wanted. But first, I needed to make sure he knew that.Say it, I told him between heavy breaths. Tell me youre mine. Tell me, and Ill let you come. Ill let you come in me. Ill let you explode in me.Eugenie he moaned when I started to slow my pace.Youre mine, I told him again. The lovely hurt between my thighs was almost too much to bear. I was going to lose it.But Kiyo lost control first. Yesyes. Oh, God, Eugenie. Im yours.The power of that entre set me off, both physically and mentally. let loose out, I threw back my own head as I came. I didnt need to see his face to know he was coming too. I could feel it, feel it in the way his body spasmed inside of mine. Squeezing him tighter, I earned another moan of pleasure from him and another orgasm for me. It was glorious. We both shook from the force of our own reactions.When we finally collapsed apart, sweating and panting, neither of us could say a word. Finally Kiyo be his head on my chest as though seeking comfort or protection.Yours, he murmured at last, just before falling asleep.